Pope Pius XIIs Neutrality Essay -- Catholic Church, Holocaust, Hitler

Is it possible for a Pope to be infallible? When one looks at events, such as the Holocaust, the answer of this question becomes twofold. Were Pope Pius XIIs actions an attempt to save the Catholic church building from persecutions or were they a lack of understanding of Hitlers ethnic cleansing? Nearly six million Jews were slaughtered during the Holocaust, and when the land became aware of the mass murders that were pickings place in Europe, World War II became a moral obligation rather than a fight for power. The Allied powers, Nazi resistance group, and even some Catholic groups invaded Germany to not only save Jews, still also to force the Nazis out of power in Germany. Surprisingly, the Vatican did not assist these resistance groups. Pope Pius XII neglected to help Jewish Holocaust victims and cowardly ignored the moral issue in order to remain neutral, avoid conflict in the war, and avoid the persecution of more Catholics.Since Pope Pius XI was in power, the Church w as pro-neutrality. In 1930, Pope Pius XI appointed rudimentary Eugenio Pacelli, later Pope Pius XII, as Secretary of State of the Holy See. Pacelli assisted Pius XI in constitution encyclicals, dealing with diplomatic matters, and handling international affairs (Sanchez 16). In fact, Pius XI even selected Cardinal Pacelli to agree to the Reich Concordat of 1933 an agreement signed by Cardinal Pacelli and Herr Franz von Papen, the Vice-Chancellor of the German Reich on his behalf. This agreement allowed the Pope to impose laws on the German clergy and ensure the freedom of German Catholic dioceses, schools, religious Orders, congregations and parishes (Concordat). The German Reich agreed to these terms so long as the papacy encouraged the demolition of the Cathol... ...in his Christmas Message of 1942. In an address to the College of Cardinals in June 1943, Pius XII repeated what he told the Italian embassador in 1940 We would like to utter words of fire against such acti ons (German atrocities) and the only thing restraining up from speaking is the fear of making the plight of the victims even worse (Phayer 54). His concern was Nazi retaliation against Catholics in the occupied countries. The silence of the Pope was deafening. If Pope Pius XII had readily shared his knowledge regarding the deportations of Jews and death camps with the rest of the world immediately upon learning this information, it is extremely possible that many lives would have been saved. This silent reaction of the papacy began the controversy of the moral obligations of Pope Pius XII and the omissions of any reactions to the atrocities taking place.

Million Youth March :: essays research papers

Authorities on riot control tell Sunday that the Police Department appe bed to have moved in any case swiftly to end a rally of black youths in Harlem on Saturday, and seemed to have forgotten some of the lessons learned from disturbances over the last 30 years. though one expert defended the legal philosophy action as a way to prevent matters from getting out of hand, former(a)s said the haste in shutting discomfit the rally, known as the Million Youth March, was a sharp break from the past practice of the department, which is known for its smooth handling of massive demonstrations. As Saturdays ralliers began to disband, a police helicopter began making passes over the crusade and officers in riot helmets stormed the stage from behind. Soon bottles, barricades and trash baskets were flying, leaving one person in the crowd and about 15 officers injured. "From the beginning, it seemed clear the mayor and police wanted to make a point," said David Bayley, dean of the Scho ol of Criminal Justice at the fix University of New York at Albany. "This looks more like politics than tactics." Anthony Bouza, who was the departments commander in Harlem in the early 1970s, said he was shocked by the swift police surge and believes that the police "owe the black community an apology." "Youre dealing with people -- not terrorists," said Bouza, who is retired and lives on Cape Cod, Mass. "This confirms the black communitys sense that the police are an army of occupation in the ghetto. Its nuts." Bouza recalled that as a police intelligence officer, he spent nearly every Saturday afternoon from 1957 to 1965 listening to Malcolm X and other black nationalists speak on 125th Street. "The one thing that we learned from all the riots of the 1960s was the need to negotiate, to mediate, to be patient," he said. But Mayor Rudolph Giuliani said the police had acted commendably at what "promised to be a much worse event, a really violent event." He said the rallys chief organizer, Khallid Abdul Muhammad, deliberately began his speech bonny before the rallys court-ordered ending at 4 p.m. "He wanted to create a disturbance," the mayor said. "The police kept that to a minimum, and they did something for which we should be very exalted of them." The mayor had repeatedly vowed that at 4, the police would begin treating the gathering as an illegal demonstration.

Fear in Lord of the Flies Essays -- Lord of the Flies William Golding

Fear in Lord of the FliesIn the novel the Lord of the Flies, written by William Golding, affrightis the cause of all told of the problems that take place on the island. Atfirst, the island is thought to be splendid and a paradise, but as theboys stay on the island increases, so, too, do their fears. The boyssoon get down afraid of each other and soon after that the boys break upand fight because of the fear. The boys original fears be of whatthey think are beasts. Then people started get frightened(Golding, 88). This was spoken by Ralph at an assembly because he knewthat things were breaking up and he also knew why. It was the fear. Inthe novel the Lord of the Flies, fear is the go down of the trouble thatis caused on the island.The boys fear turns into fear of each other after only a short timeon the island. Many of the boys leave Ralph and give Jacks tribe ofhunters because Jack provides them with fun. Jacks tribe goes huntingand has feasts and everyone, even if it is only f or a short time,forgets about the beast and ignores it. After a while, though, some ofthe boys are in Jacks tribe because of their fear, but not their fearof the beast. They stay in Jacks group because they are afraid ofJack and, eventually, Roger. Jack controls them all by showing he ismercilessHes going to beat Wilfred.What for?Robert shook his head doubtfully. I dont know. He didnt say. He gotangry and made us tie Wilfred up (176).Jack beatniks up members of his tribe for no reason at all, except toinstill upon them the fear of himself. Soon, everyone is afraid ofRoger also. The twins are forced to join Jacks tribe and areterrified of Roger. You dont know Roger. Hes a terror. -and t... ...ic, see a beast sitting on top of themountain and Ralph, Jack and Roger confirm what the twins saw, thereis flesh out fear. No one is willing to walk alone or even to go deepinto the forests, except for Simon. The boys are terrified and this iswhen things start to break up. Now, the fear moves on from what they thinkis the beast to something much more dangerous. Now, they are afraid ofeach other.At first the island is thought to be a paradise by the boys. It is adream come true. The boys are living every childs fantasy. Thenthings start to go horribly wrong. Fear sets in. In this novel,William Golding illustrates that fear is everywhere and flowerpot wreakhavoc on many things. In this case the boys become afraid of eachother and for all of them survival becomes impossible. They eventuallythey realize that dreams slew easily turn into nightmares.